Ionic Bonding & Ionic
Compounds
A.
____________________: composed of + and - ions whose charges cancel each other
out;
electrons are _______________
1. Most
exist as ____________________
2. __________ network of + and - ions; not composed of individual
units
B. Formation of Ionic Compounds
. .
1. Na .
+ : Cl :
-->
.
2. Characteristics
of Ionic Bonding
a. minimize P.E. by organizing into _______________
b.
____________________: energy released when 1 mole of ionic crystalline cmpd.
is formed from gaseous ions
IONIC VS. COVALENT (MOLECULAR) COMPOUNDS
Ionic Compounds
Covalent (Molecular) Compounds
~ formed by transferring
electrons
~ formed by sharing electrons
~ occurs between positive and
negative
~ occurs between nonmetals
ions (metal & nonmetal or metal &
polyatomic ion)
~ smallest unit = "formula
unit"
~ smallest unit = "molecule"
~ exist as solids, usually crystal
shape
~ exist as liquids, gases, or non-crystal
solids
~ have high melting
points
~ have low melting points
~ most dissolve in
water
~ few dissolve in water
~ melted or dissolved in water
conduct
~ melted or dissolved in water does not
electricity
conduct electricity
~ fixed + and - parts; anions & cations
~ may have slightly + and - parts or
totally neutral
~ EXAMPLES: KCl, NaF,
KNO3
~ EXAMPLES: NH3, CO2, CH4
Polyatomic Ions
1.
____________________: charged group of covalently bonded atoms
2. Combine with ions of _______________ charge to form
ionic compounds
3. Compounds with polyatomic ions have
____________________________ bonding
4. Lewis Structures
a. Negatively charged
polyatomic ion = _____ e- to total number of valence e- for cmpd
b. Positively charged
polyatomic ion = ________ e- from total # of valence e- for cmpd